Suite
that can pass a fixture object into its tests.
This trait behaves similarly to trait org.scalatest.Suite
, except that tests may have a fixture parameter. The type of the
fixture parameter is defined by the abstract FixtureParam
type, which is declared as a member of this trait.
This trait also declares an abstract withFixture
method. This withFixture
method
takes a OneArgTest
, which is a nested trait defined as a member of this trait.
OneArgTest
has an apply
method that takes a FixtureParam
.
This apply
method is responsible for running a test.
This trait's runTest
method delegates the actual running of each test to withFixture
, passing
in the test code to run via the OneArgTest
argument. The withFixture
method (abstract in this trait) is responsible
for creating the fixture argument and passing it to the test function.
Subclasses of this trait must, therefore, do three things differently from a plain old org.scalatest.Suite
:
FixtureParam
withFixture(OneArgTest)
methodHere's an example:
import org.scalatest.fixture.FixtureSuite import java.io.FileReader import java.io.FileWriter import java.io.Fileclass MySuite extends FixtureSuite {
// 1. define type FixtureParam type FixtureParam = FileReader
// 2. define the withFixture method def withFixture(test: OneArgTest) {
val FileName = "TempFile.txt"
// Set up the temp file needed by the test val writer = new FileWriter(FileName) try { writer.write("Hello, test!") } finally { writer.close() }
// Create the reader needed by the test val reader = new FileReader(FileName)
try { // Run the test using the temp file test(reader) } finally { // Close and delete the temp file reader.close() val file = new File(FileName) file.delete() } }
// 3. write test methods that take a fixture parameter def testReadingFromTheTempFile(reader: FileReader) { var builder = new StringBuilder var c = reader.read() while (c != -1) { builder.append(c.toChar) c = reader.read() } assert(builder.toString === "Hello, test!") }
def testFirstCharOfTheTempFile(reader: FileReader) { assert(reader.read() === 'H') }
// (You can also write tests methods that don't take a fixture parameter.) def testWithoutAFixture() { without fixture { assert(1 + 1 === 2) } } }
If the fixture you want to pass into your tests consists of multiple objects, you will need to combine them into one object to use this trait. One good approach to passing multiple fixture objects is to encapsulate them in a tuple. Here's an example that takes the tuple approach:
import org.scalatest.fixture.FixtureSuite import scala.collection.mutable.ListBufferclass MySuite extends FixtureSuite {
type FixtureParam = (StringBuilder, ListBuffer[String])
def withFixture(test: OneArgTest) {
// Create needed mutable objects val stringBuilder = new StringBuilder("ScalaTest is ") val listBuffer = new ListBuffer[String]
// Invoke the test function, passing in the mutable objects test(stringBuilder, listBuffer) }
def testEasy(fixture: Fixture) { val (builder, buffer) = fixture builder.append("easy!") assert(builder.toString === "ScalaTest is easy!") assert(buffer.isEmpty) buffer += "sweet" }
def testFun(fixture: Fixture) { val (builder, buffer) = fixture builder.append("fun!") assert(builder.toString === "ScalaTest is fun!") assert(buffer.isEmpty) } }
When using a tuple to pass multiple fixture objects, it is usually helpful to give names to each individual object in the tuple with a pattern-match assignment, as is done at the beginning of each test method here with:
val (builder, buffer) = fixture
Another good approach to passing multiple fixture objects is to encapsulate them in a case class. Here's an example that takes the case class approach:
import org.scalatest.fixture.FixtureSuite import scala.collection.mutable.ListBufferclass MySuite extends FixtureSuite {
case class FixtureHolder(builder: StringBuilder, buffer: ListBuffer[String])
type FixtureParam = FixtureHolder
def withFixture(test: OneArgTest) {
// Create needed mutable objects val stringBuilder = new StringBuilder("ScalaTest is ") val listBuffer = new ListBuffer[String]
// Invoke the test function, passing in the mutable objects test(FixtureHolder(stringBuilder, listBuffer)) }
def testEasy(fixture: Fixture) { import fixture._ builder.append("easy!") assert(builder.toString === "ScalaTest is easy!") assert(buffer.isEmpty) buffer += "sweet" }
def testFun(fixture: Fixture) { fixture.builder.append("fun!") assert(fixture.builder.toString === "ScalaTest is fun!") assert(fixture.buffer.isEmpty) } }
When using a case class to pass multiple fixture objects, it can be helpful to make the names of each
individual object available as a single identifier with an import statement. This is the approach
taken by the testEasy
method in the previous example. Because it imports the members
of the fixture object, the test method code can just use them as unqualified identifiers:
def testEasy(fixture: Fixture) { import fixture._ builder.append("easy!") assert(builder.toString === "ScalaTest is easy!") assert(buffer.isEmpty) buffer += "sweet" }
Alternatively, you may sometimes prefer to qualify each use of a fixture object with the name
of the fixture parameter. This approach, taken by the testFun
method in the previous
example, makes it more obvious which variables in your test method
are part of the passed-in fixture:
def testFun(fixture: Fixture) { fixture.builder.append("fun!") assert(fixture.builder.toString === "ScalaTest is fun!") assert(fixture.buffer.isEmpty) }
Sometimes you may want to write tests that are configurable. For example, you may want to write
a suite of tests that each take an open temp file as a fixture, but whose file name is specified
externally so that the file name can be can be changed from run to run. To accomplish this
the OneArgTest
trait has a configMap
method, which will return a Map[String, Any]
from which configuration information may be obtained.
The runTest
method of this trait will pass a OneArgTest
to withFixture
whose configMap
method returns the configMap
passed to runTest
.
Here's an example in which the name of a temp file is taken from the passed configMap
:
import org.scalatest.fixture.FixtureSuite import java.io.FileReader import java.io.FileWriter import java.io.Fileclass MySuite extends FixtureSuite {
type FixtureParam = FileReader
def withFixture(test: OneArgTest) {
require( test.configMap.contains("TempFileName"), "This suite requires a TempFileName to be passed in the configMap" )
// Grab the file name from the configMap val FileName = test.configMap("TempFileName")
// Set up the temp file needed by the test val writer = new FileWriter(FileName) try { writer.write("Hello, test!") } finally { writer.close() }
// Create the reader needed by the test val reader = new FileReader(FileName)
try { // Run the test using the temp file test(reader) } finally { // Close and delete the temp file reader.close() val file = new File(FileName) file.delete() } }
def testReadingFromTheTempFile(reader: FileReader) { var builder = new StringBuilder var c = reader.read() while (c != -1) { builder.append(c.toChar) c = reader.read() } assert(builder.toString === "Hello, test!") }
def testFirstCharOfTheTempFile(reader: FileReader) { assert(reader.read() === 'H') } }
If you want to pass into each test the entire configMap
that was passed to runTest
, you
can mix in trait ConfigMapFixture
. See the documentation
for ConfigMapFixture
for the details, but here's a quick
example of how it looks:
import org.scalatest.fixture.FixtureSuite import org.scalatest.fixture.ConfigMapFixtureclass MySuite extends FixtureSuite with ConfigMapFixture {
def testHello(configMap: Map[String, Any]) { // Use the configMap passed to runTest in the test assert(configMap.contains("hello") }
def testWorld(configMap: Map[String, Any]) { assert(configMap.contains("world") } }
Note: because a FixtureSuite
's test methods are invoked with reflection at runtime, there is no good way to
create a FixtureSuite
containing test methods that take different fixtures. If you find you need to do this,
you may want to split your class into multiple FixtureSuite
s, each of which contains test methods that take the
common Fixture
type defined in that class, or use a MultipleFixtureFunSuite
.
Class used via an implicit conversion to enable any two objects to be compared with
===
in assertions in tests.
The type of the fixture parameter that can be passed into tests in this suite.
The type of the fixture parameter that can be passed into tests in this suite.
A test function taking no arguments, which also provides a test name and config map.
Trait whose instances encapsulate a test function that takes a fixture and config map.
o != arg0
is the same as !(o == (arg0))
.
o != arg0
is the same as !(o == (arg0))
.
the object to compare against this object for dis-equality.
false
if the receiver object is equivalent to the argument; true
otherwise.
o == arg0
is the same as if (o eq null) arg0 eq null else o.equals(arg0)
.
o == arg0
is the same as if (o eq null) arg0 eq null else o.equals(arg0)
.
the object to compare against this object for equality.
true
if the receiver object is equivalent to the argument; false
otherwise.
o == arg0
is the same as o.equals(arg0)
.
o == arg0
is the same as o.equals(arg0)
.
the object to compare against this object for equality.
true
if the receiver object is equivalent to the argument; false
otherwise.
This method is used to cast the receiver object to be of type T0
.
This method is used to cast the receiver object to be of type T0
.
Note that the success of a cast at runtime is modulo Scala's erasure semantics. Therefore the expression
1.asInstanceOf[String]
will throw a ClassCastException
at runtime, while the expression
List(1).asInstanceOf[List[String]]
will not. In the latter example, because the type argument is erased as
part of compilation it is not possible to check whether the contents of the list are of the requested typed.
the receiver object.
Assert that an Option[String]
is None
.
Assert that an Option[String]
is None
.
If the condition is None
, this method returns normally.
Else, it throws TestFailedException
with the String
value of the Some
included in the TestFailedException
's
detail message.
This form of assert
is usually called in conjunction with an
implicit conversion to Equalizer
, using a ===
comparison, as in:
assert(a === b)
For more information on how this mechanism works, see the documentation for
Equalizer
.
the Option[String]
to assert
Assert that an Option[String]
is None
.
Assert that an Option[String]
is None
.
If the condition is None
, this method returns normally.
Else, it throws TestFailedException
with the String
value of the Some
, as well as the
String
obtained by invoking toString
on the
specified message
,
included in the TestFailedException
's detail message.
This form of assert
is usually called in conjunction with an
implicit conversion to Equalizer
, using a ===
comparison, as in:
assert(a === b, "extra info reported if assertion fails")
For more information on how this mechanism works, see the documentation for
Equalizer
.
the Option[String]
to assert
An objects whose toString
method returns a message to include in a failure report.
Assert that a boolean condition, described in String
message
, is true.
Assert that a boolean condition, described in String
message
, is true.
If the condition is true
, this method returns normally.
Else, it throws TestFailedException
with the
String
obtained by invoking toString
on the
specified message
as the exception's detail message.
the boolean condition to assert
An objects whose toString
method returns a message to include in a failure report.
Assert that a boolean condition is true.
Assert that a boolean condition is true.
If the condition is true
, this method returns normally.
Else, it throws TestFailedException
.
the boolean condition to assert
This method creates and returns a copy of the receiver object.
This method creates and returns a copy of the receiver object.
The default implementation of the clone
method is platform dependent.
a copy of the receiver object.
Implicit conversion from Any
to Equalizer
, used to enable
assertions with ===
comparisons.
Implicit conversion from Any
to Equalizer
, used to enable
assertions with ===
comparisons.
For more information on this mechanism, see the documentation for </code>Equalizer</code>.
Because trait Suite
mixes in Assertions
, this implicit conversion will always be
available by default in ScalaTest Suite
s. This is the only implicit conversion that is in scope by default in every
ScalaTest Suite
. Other implicit conversions offered by ScalaTest, such as those that support the matchers DSL
or invokePrivate
, must be explicitly invited into your test code, either by mixing in a trait or importing the
members of its companion object. The reason ScalaTest requires you to invite in implicit conversions (with the exception of the
implicit conversion for ===
operator) is because if one of ScalaTest's implicit conversions clashes with an
implicit conversion used in the code you are trying to test, your program won't compile. Thus there is a chance that if you
are ever trying to use a library or test some code that also offers an implicit conversion involving a ===
operator,
you could run into the problem of a compiler error due to an ambiguous implicit conversion. If that happens, you can turn off
the implicit conversion offered by this convertToEqualizer
method simply by overriding the method in your
Suite
subclass, but not marking it as implicit:
// In your Suite subclass override def convertToEqualizer(left: Any) = new Equalizer(left)
the object whose type to convert to Equalizer
.
This method is used to test whether the argument (arg0
) is a reference to the
receiver object (this
).
This method is used to test whether the argument (arg0
) is a reference to the
receiver object (this
).
The eq
method implements an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_relation equivalence relation] on
non-null instances of AnyRef
:
* It is reflexive: for any non-null instance x
of type AnyRef
, x.eq(x)
returns true
.
* It is symmetric: for any non-null instances x
and y
of type AnyRef
, x.eq(y)
returns true
if and
only if y.eq(x)
returns true
.
* It is transitive: for any non-null instances x
, y
, and z
of type AnyRef
if x.eq(y)
returns true
and y.eq(z)
returns true
, then x.eq(z)
returns true
.
Additionally, the eq
method has three other properties.
* It is consistent: for any non-null instances x
and y
of type AnyRef
, multiple invocations of
x.eq(y)
consistently returns true
or consistently returns false
.
* For any non-null instance x
of type AnyRef
, x.eq(null)
and null.eq(x)
returns false
.
* null.eq(null)
returns true
.
When overriding the equals
or hashCode
methods, it is important to ensure that their behavior is
consistent with reference equality. Therefore, if two objects are references to each other (o1 eq o2
), they
should be equal to each other (o1 == o2
) and they should hash to the same value (o1.hashCode == o2.hashCode
).
the object to compare against this object for reference equality.
true
if the argument is a reference to the receiver object; false
otherwise.
This method is used to compare the receiver object (this
) with the argument object (arg0
) for equivalence.
This method is used to compare the receiver object (this
) with the argument object (arg0
) for equivalence.
The default implementations of this method is an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_relation equivalence
relation]:
* It is reflexive: for any instance x
of type Any
, x.equals(x)
should return true
.
* It is symmetric: for any instances x
and y
of type Any
, x.equals(y)
should return true
if and
only if y.equals(x)
returns true
.
* It is transitive: for any instances x
, y
, and z
of type AnyRef
if x.equals(y)
returns true
and
y.equals(z)
returns true
, then x.equals(z)
should return true
.
If you override this method, you should verify that your implementation remains an equivalence relation.
Additionally, when overriding this method it is often necessary to override hashCode
to ensure that objects
that are "equal" (o1.equals(o2)
returns true
) hash to the same scala.Int
(o1.hashCode.equals(o2.hashCode)
).
the object to compare against this object for equality.
true
if the receiver object is equivalent to the argument; false
otherwise.
Executes the test specified as testName
in this Suite
with the specified configMap
, printing
results to the standard output.
Executes the test specified as testName
in this Suite
with the specified configMap
, printing
results to the standard output.
This method implementation calls run
on this Suite
, passing in:
testName
- Some(testName)
reporter
- a reporter that prints to the standard outputstopper
- a Stopper
whose apply
method always returns false
filter
- a Filter
constructed with None
for tagsToInclude
and Set()
for tagsToExclude
configMap
- the specified configMap
Map[String, Any]
distributor
- None
tracker
- a new Tracker
This method serves as a convenient way to execute a single test, passing in some objects via the configMap
, especially from
within the Scala interpreter.
Note: In ScalaTest, the terms "execute" and "run" basically mean the same thing and
can be used interchangably. The reason this convenience method and its three overloaded forms
aren't named run
is described the documentation of the overloaded form that
takes no parameters: execute().
the name of one test to run.
a Map
of key-value pairs that can be used by the executing Suite
of tests.
Executes the test specified as testName
in this Suite
, printing results to the standard output.
Executes the test specified as testName
in this Suite
, printing results to the standard output.
This method implementation calls run
on this Suite
, passing in:
testName
- Some(testName)
reporter
- a reporter that prints to the standard outputstopper
- a Stopper
whose apply
method always returns false
filter
- a Filter
constructed with None
for tagsToInclude
and Set()
for tagsToExclude
configMap
- an empty Map[String, Any]
distributor
- None
tracker
- a new Tracker
This method serves as a convenient way to run a single test, especially from within the Scala interpreter.
Note: In ScalaTest, the terms "execute" and "run" basically mean the same thing and
can be used interchangably. The reason this convenience method and its three overloaded forms
aren't named run
is described the documentation of the overloaded form that
takes no parameters: execute().
the name of one test to run.
Executes this Suite
with the specified configMap
, printing results to the standard output.
Executes this Suite
with the specified configMap
, printing results to the standard output.
This method implementation calls run
on this Suite
, passing in:
testName
- None
reporter
- a reporter that prints to the standard outputstopper
- a Stopper
whose apply
method always returns false
filter
- a Filter
constructed with None
for tagsToInclude
and Set()
for tagsToExclude
configMap
- the specified configMap
Map[String, Any]
distributor
- None
tracker
- a new Tracker
This method serves as a convenient way to execute a Suite
, passing in some objects via the configMap
, especially from within the Scala interpreter.
Note: In ScalaTest, the terms "execute" and "run" basically mean the same thing and
can be used interchangably. The reason this convenience method and its three overloaded forms
aren't named run
is described the documentation of the overloaded form that
takes no parameters: execute().
a Map
of key-value pairs that can be used by the executing Suite
of tests.
Executes this Suite
, printing results to the standard output.
Executes this Suite
, printing results to the standard output.
This method implementation calls run
on this Suite
, passing in:
testName
- None
reporter
- a reporter that prints to the standard outputstopper
- a Stopper
whose apply
method always returns false
filter
- a Filter
constructed with None
for tagsToInclude
and Set()
for tagsToExclude
configMap
- an empty Map[String, Any]
distributor
- None
tracker
- a new Tracker
This method serves as a convenient way to execute a Suite
, especially from
within the Scala interpreter.
Note: In ScalaTest, the terms "execute" and "run" basically mean the same thing and
can be used interchangably. The reason this convenience method and its three overloaded forms
aren't named run
is because junit.framework.TestCase
declares a run
method
that takes no arguments but returns a junit.framework.TestResult
. That
run
method would not overload with this method if it were named run
,
because it would have the same parameters but a different return type than the one
defined in TestCase
. To facilitate integration with JUnit 3, therefore,
these convenience "run" methods are named execute
. In particular, this allows trait
org.scalatest.junit.JUnit3Suite
to extend both org.scalatest.Suite
and
junit.framework.TestCase
, which enables the creating of classes that
can be run with either ScalaTest or JUnit 3.
Expect that the value passed as expected
equals the value passed as actual
.
Expect that the value passed as expected
equals the value passed as actual
.
If the actual
value equals the expected
value
(as determined by ==
), expect
returns
normally. Else, expect
throws an
TestFailedException
whose detail message includes the expected and actual values.
the expected value
the actual value, which should equal the passed expected
value
Expect that the value passed as expected
equals the value passed as actual
.
Expect that the value passed as expected
equals the value passed as actual
.
If the actual
equals the expected
(as determined by ==
), expect
returns
normally. Else, if actual
is not equal to expected
, expect
throws an
TestFailedException
whose detail message includes the expected and actual values, as well as the String
obtained by invoking toString
on the passed message
.
the expected value
An object whose toString
method returns a message to include in a failure report.
the actual value, which should equal the passed expected
value
The total number of tests that are expected to run when this Suite
's run
method is invoked.
The total number of tests that are expected to run when this Suite
's run
method is invoked.
This trait's implementation of this method returns the sum of:
testNames
List
, minus the number of tests marked as ignoredexpectedTestCount
on every nested Suite
contained in
nestedSuites
a Filter
with which to filter tests to count based on their tags
Throws TestFailedException
, with the passed
Throwable
cause, to indicate a test failed.
Throws TestFailedException
, with the passed
Throwable
cause, to indicate a test failed.
The getMessage
method of the thrown TestFailedException
will return cause.toString()
.
a Throwable
that indicates the cause of the failure.
Throws TestFailedException
, with the passed
String
message
as the exception's detail
message and Throwable
cause, to indicate a test failed.
Throws TestFailedException
, with the passed
String
message
as the exception's detail
message and Throwable
cause, to indicate a test failed.
A message describing the failure.
A Throwable
that indicates the cause of the failure.
Throws TestFailedException
, with the passed
String
message
as the exception's detail
message, to indicate a test failed.
Throws TestFailedException
, with the passed
String
message
as the exception's detail
message, to indicate a test failed.
A message describing the failure.
Throws TestFailedException
to indicate a test failed.
Throws TestFailedException
to indicate a test failed.
This method is called by the garbage collector on the receiver object when garbage collection determines that there are no more references to the object.
This method is called by the garbage collector on the receiver object when garbage collection determines that there are no more references to the object.
The details of when and if the finalize
method are invoked, as well as the interaction between finalize
and non-local returns and exceptions, are all platform dependent.
Returns a representation that corresponds to the dynamic class of the receiver object.
Returns a representation that corresponds to the dynamic class of the receiver object.
The nature of the representation is platform dependent.
a representation that corresponds to the dynamic class of the receiver object.
The groups
methods has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version of ScalaTest.
The groups
methods has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version of ScalaTest.
Please call (and override) tags
instead.
Returns a hash code value for the object.
Returns a hash code value for the object.
The default hashing algorithm is platform dependent.
Note that it is allowed for two objects to have identical hash codes (o1.hashCode.equals(o2.hashCode)
) yet
not be equal (o1.equals(o2)
returns false
). A degenerate implementation could always return 0
.
However, it is required that if two objects are equal (o1.equals(o2)
returns true
) that they have
identical hash codes (o1.hashCode.equals(o2.hashCode)
). Therefore, when overriding this method, be sure
to verify that the behavior is consistent with the equals
method.
the hash code value for the object.
Intercept and return an exception that's expected to be thrown by the passed function value.
Intercept and return an exception that's expected to
be thrown by the passed function value. The thrown exception must be an instance of the
type specified by the type parameter of this method. This method invokes the passed
function. If the function throws an exception that's an instance of the specified type,
this method returns that exception. Else, whether the passed function returns normally
or completes abruptly with a different exception, this method throws TestFailedException
.
Note that the type specified as this method's type parameter may represent any subtype of
AnyRef
, not just Throwable
or one of its subclasses. In
Scala, exceptions can be caught based on traits they implement, so it may at times make sense
to specify a trait that the intercepted exception's class must mix in. If a class instance is
passed for a type that could not possibly be used to catch an exception (such as String
,
for example), this method will complete abruptly with a TestFailedException
.
the function value that should throw the expected exception
an implicit Manifest
representing the type of the specified
type parameter.
the intercepted exception, if it is of the expected type
This method is used to test whether the dynamic type of the receiver object is T0
.
This method is used to test whether the dynamic type of the receiver object is T0
.
Note that the test result of the test is modulo Scala's erasure semantics. Therefore the expression
1.isInstanceOf[String]
will return false
, while the expression List(1).isInstanceOf[List[String]]
will
return true
. In the latter example, because the type argument is erased as part of compilation it is not
possible to check whether the contents of the list are of the requested typed.
true
if the receiver object is an instance of erasure of type T0
; false
otherwise.
o.ne(arg0)
is the same as !(o.eq(arg0))
.
o.ne(arg0)
is the same as !(o.eq(arg0))
.
the object to compare against this object for reference dis-equality.
false
if the argument is not a reference to the receiver object; true
otherwise.
A List
of this Suite
object's nested Suite
s. If this Suite
contains no nested Suite
s,
this method returns an empty List
. This trait's implementation of this method returns an empty List
.
A List
of this Suite
object's nested Suite
s. If this Suite
contains no nested Suite
s,
this method returns an empty List
. This trait's implementation of this method returns an empty List
.
Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
Wakes up all threads that are waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
Wakes up all threads that are waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
Throws TestPendingException
to indicate a test is pending.
Throws TestPendingException
to indicate a test is pending.
A pending test is one that has been given a name but is not yet implemented. The purpose of pending tests is to facilitate a style of testing in which documentation of behavior is sketched out before tests are written to verify that behavior (and often, the before the behavior of the system being tested is itself implemented). Such sketches form a kind of specification of what tests and functionality to implement later.
To support this style of testing, a test can be given a name that specifies one
bit of behavior required by the system being tested. The test can also include some code that
sends more information about the behavior to the reporter when the tests run. At the end of the test,
it can call method pending
, which will cause it to complete abruptly with TestPendingException
.
Because tests in ScalaTest can be designated as pending with TestPendingException
, both the test name and any information
sent to the reporter when running the test can appear in the report of a test run. (In other words,
the code of a pending test is executed just like any other test.) However, because the test completes abruptly
with TestPendingException
, the test will be reported as pending, to indicate
the actual test, and possibly the functionality it is intended to test, has not yet been implemented.
Note: This method always completes abruptly with a TestPendingException
. Thus it always has a side
effect. Methods with side effects are usually invoked with parentheses, as in pending()
. This
method is defined as a parameterless method, in flagrant contradiction to recommended Scala style, because it
forms a kind of DSL for pending tests. It enables tests in suites such as FunSuite
or Spec
to be denoted by placing "(pending)
" after the test name, as in:
test("that style rules are not laws") (pending)
Readers of the code see "pending" in parentheses, which looks like a little note attached to the test name to indicate
it is pending. Whereas "(pending())
looks more like a method call, "(pending)
" lets readers
stay at a higher level, forgetting how it is implemented and just focusing on the intent of the programmer who wrote the code.
Execute the passed block of code, and if it completes abruptly, throw TestPendingException
, else
throw TestFailedException
.
Execute the passed block of code, and if it completes abruptly, throw TestPendingException
, else
throw TestFailedException
.
This method can be used to temporarily change a failing test into a pending test in such a way that it will
automatically turn back into a failing test once the problem originally causing the test to fail has been fixed.
At that point, you need only remove the pendingUntilFixed
call. In other words, a
pendingUntilFixed
surrounding a block of code that isn't broken is treated as a test failure.
The motivation for this behavior is to encourage people to remove pendingUntilFixed
calls when
there are no longer needed.
This method facilitates a style of testing in which tests are written before the code they test. Sometimes you may
encounter a test failure that requires more functionality than you want to tackle without writing more tests. In this
case you can mark the bit of test code causing the failure with pendingUntilFixed
. You can then write more
tests and functionality that eventually will get your production code to a point where the original test won't fail anymore.
At this point the code block marked with pendingUntilFixed
will no longer throw an exception (because the
problem has been fixed). This will in turn cause pendingUntilFixed
to throw TestFailedException
with a detail message explaining you need to go back and remove the pendingUntilFixed
call as the problem orginally
causing your test code to fail has been fixed.
a block of code, which if it completes abruptly, should trigger a TestPendingException
Runs this suite of tests.
Runs this suite of tests.
If testName
is None
, this trait's implementation of this method
calls these two methods on this object in this order:
runNestedSuites(report, stopper, tagsToInclude, tagsToExclude, configMap, distributor)
runTests(testName, report, stopper, tagsToInclude, tagsToExclude, configMap)
If testName
is defined, then this trait's implementation of this method
calls runTests
, but does not call runNestedSuites
. This behavior
is part of the contract of this method. Subclasses that override run
must take
care not to call runNestedSuites
if testName
is defined. (The
OneInstancePerTest
trait depends on this behavior, for example.)
Subclasses and subtraits that override this run
method can implement them without
invoking either the runTests
or runNestedSuites
methods, which
are invoked by this trait's implementation of this method. It is recommended, but not required,
that subclasses and subtraits that override run
in a way that does not
invoke runNestedSuites
also override runNestedSuites
and make it
final. Similarly it is recommended, but not required,
that subclasses and subtraits that override run
in a way that does not
invoke runTests
also override runTests
(and runTest
,
which this trait's implementation of runTests
calls) and make it
final. The implementation of these final methods can either invoke the superclass implementation
of the method, or throw an UnsupportedOperationException
if appropriate. The
reason for this recommendation is that ScalaTest includes several traits that override
these methods to allow behavior to be mixed into a Suite
. For example, trait
BeforeAndAfterEach
overrides runTests
s. In a Suite
subclass that no longer invokes runTests
from run
, the
BeforeAndAfterEach
trait is not applicable. Mixing it in would have no effect.
By making runTests
final in such a Suite
subtrait, you make
the attempt to mix BeforeAndAfterEach
into a subclass of your subtrait
a compiler error. (It would fail to compile with a complaint that BeforeAndAfterEach
is trying to override runTests
, which is a final method in your trait.)
an optional name of one test to run. If None
, all relevant tests should be run.
I.e., None
acts like a wildcard that means run all relevant tests in this Suite
.
the Reporter
to which results will be reported
the Stopper
that will be consulted to determine whether to stop execution early.
a Filter
with which to filter tests based on their tags
a Map
of key-value pairs that can be used by the executing Suite
of tests.
an optional Distributor
, into which to put nested Suite
s to be run
by another entity, such as concurrently by a pool of threads. If None
, nested Suite
s will be run sequentially.
a Tracker
tracking Ordinal
s being fired by the current thread.
Run zero to many of this Suite
's nested Suite
s.
Run zero to many of this Suite
's nested Suite
s.
If the passed distributor
is None
, this trait's
implementation of this method invokes run
on each
nested Suite
in the List
obtained by invoking nestedSuites
.
If a nested Suite
's run
method completes abruptly with an exception, this trait's implementation of this
method reports that the Suite
aborted and attempts to run the
next nested Suite
.
If the passed distributor
is defined, this trait's implementation
puts each nested Suite
into the Distributor
contained in the Some
, in the order in which the
Suite
s appear in the List
returned by nestedSuites
, passing
in a new Tracker
obtained by invoking nextTracker
on the Tracker
passed to this method.
Implementations of this method are responsible for ensuring SuiteStarting
events
are fired to the Reporter
before executing any nested Suite
, and either SuiteCompleted
or SuiteAborted
after executing any nested Suite
.
the Reporter
to which results will be reported
the Stopper
that will be consulted to determine whether to stop execution early.
a Filter
with which to filter tests based on their tags
a Map
of key-value pairs that can be used by the executing Suite
of tests.
an optional Distributor
, into which to put nested Suite
s to be run
by another entity, such as concurrently by a pool of threads. If None
, nested Suite
s will be run sequentially.
a Tracker
tracking Ordinal
s being fired by the current thread.
Run a test.
Run a test.
This trait's implementation uses Java reflection to invoke on this object the test method identified by the passed testName
.
Implementations of this method are responsible for ensuring a TestStarting
event
is fired to the Reporter
before executing any test, and either TestSucceeded
,
TestFailed
, or TestPending
after executing any nested
Suite
. (If a test is marked with the org.scalatest.Ignore
tag, the
runTests
method is responsible for ensuring a TestIgnored
event is fired and that
this runTest
method is not invoked for that ignored test.)
the name of one test to run.
the Reporter
to which results will be reported
the Stopper
that will be consulted to determine whether to stop execution early.
a Map
of key-value pairs that can be used by the executing Suite
of tests.
a Tracker
tracking Ordinal
s being fired by the current thread.
Run zero to many of this Suite
's tests.
Run zero to many of this Suite
's tests.
This method takes a testName
parameter that optionally specifies a test to invoke.
If testName
is defined, this trait's implementation of this method
invokes runTest
on this object, passing in:
testName
- the String
value of the testName
Option
passed
to this methodreporter
- the Reporter
passed to this method, or one that wraps and delegates to itstopper
- the Stopper
passed to this method, or one that wraps and delegates to itconfigMap
- the configMap
Map
passed to this method, or one that wraps and delegates to itThis method takes a Filter
, which encapsulates an optional Set
of tag names that should be included
(tagsToInclude
) and a Set
that should be excluded (tagsToExclude
), when deciding which
of this Suite
's tests to run.
If tagsToInclude
is None
, all tests will be run
except those those belonging to tags listed in the tagsToExclude
Set
. If tagsToInclude
is defined, only tests
belonging to tags mentioned in the tagsToInclude
Set
, and not mentioned in the tagsToExclude
Set
will be run. However, if testName
is defined, tagsToInclude
and tagsToExclude
are essentially ignored.
Only if testName
is None
will tagsToInclude
and tagsToExclude
be consulted to
determine which of the tests named in the testNames
Set
should be run. This trait's implementation
behaves this way, and it is part of the general contract of this method, so all overridden forms of this method should behave
this way as well. For more information on test tags, see the main documentation for this trait and for class Filter
.
Note that this means that even if a test is marked as ignored, for example a test method in a Suite
annotated with
org.scalatest.Ignore
, if that test name is passed as testName
to runTest
, it will be invoked
despite the Ignore
annotation.
If testName
is None
, this trait's implementation of this method
invokes testNames
on this Suite
to get a Set
of names of tests to potentially run.
(A testNames
value of None
essentially acts as a wildcard that means all tests in
this Suite
that are selected by tagsToInclude
and tagsToExclude
should be run.)
For each test in the testName
Set
, in the order
they appear in the iterator obtained by invoking the elements
method on the Set
, this trait's implementation
of this method checks whether the test should be run based on the Filter
.
If so, this implementation invokes runTest
, passing in:
testName
- the String
name of the test to run (which will be one of the names in the testNames
Set
)reporter
- the Reporter
passed to this method, or one that wraps and delegates to itstopper
- the Stopper
passed to this method, or one that wraps and delegates to itconfigMap
- the configMap
passed to this method, or one that wraps and delegates to itIf a test is marked with the org.scalatest.Ignore
tag, implementations
of this method are responsible for ensuring a TestIgnored
event is fired for that test
and that runTest
is not called for that test.
an optional name of one test to run. If None
, all relevant tests should be run.
I.e., None
acts like a wildcard that means run all relevant tests in this Suite
.
the Reporter
to which results will be reported
the Stopper
that will be consulted to determine whether to stop execution early.
a Filter
with which to filter tests based on their tags
a Map
of key-value pairs that can be used by the executing Suite
of tests.
an optional Distributor
, into which to put nested Suite
s to be run
by another entity, such as concurrently by a pool of threads. If None
, nested Suite
s will be run sequentially.
a Tracker
tracking Ordinal
s being fired by the current thread.
A user-friendly suite name for this Suite
.
A user-friendly suite name for this Suite
.
This trait's
implementation of this method returns the simple name of this object's class. This
trait's implementation of runNestedSuites
calls this method to obtain a
name for Report
s to pass to the suiteStarting
, suiteCompleted
,
and suiteAborted
methods of the Reporter
.
this Suite
object's suite name.
A Map
whose keys are String
tag names with which tests in this Suite
are marked, and
whose values are the Set
of test names marked with each tag. If this Suite
contains no tags, this
method returns an empty Map
.
A Map
whose keys are String
tag names with which tests in this Suite
are marked, and
whose values are the Set
of test names marked with each tag. If this Suite
contains no tags, this
method returns an empty Map
.
This trait's implementation of this method uses Java reflection to discover any Java annotations attached to its test methods. The
fully qualified name of each unique annotation that extends TagAnnotation
is considered a tag. This trait's
implementation of this method, therefore, places one key/value pair into to the
Map
for each unique tag annotation name discovered through reflection. The mapped value for each tag name key will contain
the test method name, as provided via the testNames
method.
Subclasses may override this method to define and/or discover tags in a custom manner, but overriding method implementations
should never return an empty Set
as a value. If a tag has no tests, its name should not appear as a key in the
returned Map
.
Note, the TagAnnotation
annotation was introduced in ScalaTest 1.0, when "groups" were renamed
to "tags." In 1.0 and 1.1, the TagAnnotation
will continue to not be required by an annotation on a Suite
method. Any annotation on a Suite
method will be considered a tag until 1.2, to give users time to add
TagAnnotation
s on any tag annotations they made prior to the 1.0 release. From 1.2 onward, only annotations
themselves annotated by TagAnnotation
will be considered tag annotations.
An Set
of test names. If this Suite
contains no tests, this method returns an empty Set
.
An Set
of test names. If this Suite
contains no tests, this method returns an empty Set
.
This trait's implementation of this method uses Java reflection to discover all public methods whose name starts with "test"
,
which take either nothing or a single Informer
as parameters. For each discovered test method, it assigns a test name
comprised of just the method name if the method takes no parameters, or the method name plus (Informer)
if the
method takes a Informer
. Here are a few method signatures and the names that this trait's implementation assigns them:
def testCat() {} // test name: "testCat" def testCat(Informer) {} // test name: "testCat(Informer)" def testDog() {} // test name: "testDog" def testDog(Informer) {} // test name: "testDog(Informer)" def test() {} // test name: "test" def test(Informer) {} // test name: "test(Informer)"
This trait's implementation of this method returns an immutable Set
of all such names, excluding the name
testNames
. The iterator obtained by invoking elements
on this
returned Set
will produce the test names in their natural order, as determined by String
's
compareTo
method.
This trait's implementation of runTests
invokes this method
and calls runTest
for each test name in the order they appear in the returned Set
's iterator.
Although this trait's implementation of this method returns a Set
whose iterator produces String
test names in a well-defined order, the contract of this method does not required a defined order. Subclasses are free to
override this method and return test names in an undefined order, or in a defined order that's different from String
's
natural order.
Subclasses may override this method to produce test names in a custom manner. One potential reason to override testNames
is
to run tests in a different order, for example, to ensure that tests that depend on other tests are run after those other tests.
Another potential reason to override is allow tests to be defined in a different manner, such as methods annotated @Test
annotations
(as is done in JUnitSuite
and TestNGSuite
) or test functions registered during construction (as is
done in FunSuite
and Spec
).
Returns a string representation of the object.
Returns a string representation of the object.
The default representation is platform dependent.
a string representation of the object.
Executes the block of code passed as the second parameter, and, if it
completes abruptly with a ModifiableMessage
exception,
prepends the "clue" string passed as the first parameter to the beginning of the detail message
of that thrown exception, then rethrows it.
Executes the block of code passed as the second parameter, and, if it
completes abruptly with a ModifiableMessage
exception,
prepends the "clue" string passed as the first parameter to the beginning of the detail message
of that thrown exception, then rethrows it. If clue does not end in a white space
character, one space will be added
between it and the existing detail message (unless the detail message is
not defined).
This method allows you to add more information about what went wrong that will be reported when a test fails. Here's an example:
withClue("(Employee's name was: " + employee.name + ")") { intercept[IllegalArgumentException] { employee.getTask(-1) } }
If an invocation of intercept
completed abruptly with an exception, the resulting message would be something like:
(Employee's name was Bob Jones) Expected IllegalArgumentException to be thrown, but no exception was thrown
Run the passed test function in the context of a fixture established by this method.
Run the passed test function in the context of a fixture established by this method.
This method should set up the fixture needed by the tests of the
current suite, invoke the test function, and if needed, perform any clean
up needed after the test completes. Because the NoArgTest
function
passed to this method takes no parameters, preparing the fixture will require
side effects, such as reassigning instance var
s in this Suite
or initializing
a globally accessible external database. If you want to avoid reassigning instance var
s
you can use FixtureSuite.
This trait's implementation of runTest
invokes this method for each test, passing
in a NoArgTest
whose apply
method will execute the code of the test.
This trait's implementation of this method simply invokes the passed NoArgTest
function.
the no-arg test function to run with a fixture
Run the passed test function with a fixture created by this method.
Run the passed test function with a fixture created by this method.
This method should create the fixture object needed by the tests of the current suite, invoke the test function (passing in the fixture object), and if needed, perform any clean up needed after the test completes. For more detail and examples, see the main documentation for this trait.
Suite
that can pass a fixture object into its tests.This trait behaves similarly to trait
org.scalatest.Suite
, except that tests may have a fixture parameter. The type of the fixture parameter is defined by the abstractFixtureParam
type, which is declared as a member of this trait. This trait also declares an abstractwithFixture
method. ThiswithFixture
method takes aOneArgTest
, which is a nested trait defined as a member of this trait.OneArgTest
has anapply
method that takes aFixtureParam
. Thisapply
method is responsible for running a test. This trait'srunTest
method delegates the actual running of each test towithFixture
, passing in the test code to run via theOneArgTest
argument. ThewithFixture
method (abstract in this trait) is responsible for creating the fixture argument and passing it to the test function.Subclasses of this trait must, therefore, do three things differently from a plain old
org.scalatest.Suite
:FixtureParam
withFixture(OneArgTest)
methodHere's an example:
If the fixture you want to pass into your tests consists of multiple objects, you will need to combine them into one object to use this trait. One good approach to passing multiple fixture objects is to encapsulate them in a tuple. Here's an example that takes the tuple approach:
When using a tuple to pass multiple fixture objects, it is usually helpful to give names to each individual object in the tuple with a pattern-match assignment, as is done at the beginning of each test method here with:
Another good approach to passing multiple fixture objects is to encapsulate them in a case class. Here's an example that takes the case class approach:
When using a case class to pass multiple fixture objects, it can be helpful to make the names of each individual object available as a single identifier with an import statement. This is the approach taken by the
testEasy
method in the previous example. Because it imports the members of the fixture object, the test method code can just use them as unqualified identifiers:Alternatively, you may sometimes prefer to qualify each use of a fixture object with the name of the fixture parameter. This approach, taken by the
testFun
method in the previous example, makes it more obvious which variables in your test method are part of the passed-in fixture:Configuring fixtures and tests
Sometimes you may want to write tests that are configurable. For example, you may want to write a suite of tests that each take an open temp file as a fixture, but whose file name is specified externally so that the file name can be can be changed from run to run. To accomplish this the
OneArgTest
trait has aconfigMap
method, which will return aMap[String, Any]
from which configuration information may be obtained. TherunTest
method of this trait will pass aOneArgTest
towithFixture
whoseconfigMap
method returns theconfigMap
passed torunTest
. Here's an example in which the name of a temp file is taken from the passedconfigMap
:If you want to pass into each test the entire
configMap
that was passed torunTest
, you can mix in traitConfigMapFixture
. See the documentation forConfigMapFixture
for the details, but here's a quick example of how it looks:Note: because a
FixtureSuite
's test methods are invoked with reflection at runtime, there is no good way to create aFixtureSuite
containing test methods that take different fixtures. If you find you need to do this, you may want to split your class into multipleFixtureSuite
s, each of which contains test methods that take the commonFixture
type defined in that class, or use aMultipleFixtureFunSuite
.