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Here’s another library that comes from Lafcadio: ContextualService.

The ContextualService library makes it easy to manage and set services to a single, global resource such as a database or file system. By defining a service to be a child of ContextualService::Service, you

• lock off access to instantiation, so all access have to go through the service’s get method,
• and provide a simple way to set the instance, most likely for testing.

For example, Lafcadio uses ContextualService to manage access to the ObjectStore, which controls access to a database.

class Lafcadio::ObjectStore < ContextualService::Service
 def initialize
 ...
 end
end

ObjectStore.new will raise an error. To get an instance of ObjectStore, you call ObjectStore.get_object_store. If no instance has been previously set, this will instantiate the ObjectStore and save the instance for future accesses. If a mock instance has been previously set with set_object_store, it will simply return that mock instance.

Since access to the global service is attached to the class, there’s no need to pass in a mock service as an argument to any method that needs it. This can simplify testing considerably if you’ve got highly decomposed code that needs to access a global service from many places. Also, since the Context object is hidden, clients of the service don’t have to be conscious of it.

def some_method
 os = Lafcadio::ObjectStore.get_object_store
 # do something with the object store here
 some_other_method
end
def some_other_method
 os = Lafcadio::ObjectStore.get_object_store
 # do something with the object store here, too
end
class TestSomeMethod < Test::Unit::TestCase
 def test1
 mock_object_store = Lafcadio::MockObjectStore.new
 Lafcadio::ObjectStore.set_object_store mock_object_store
 some_method
 # assert something happened 
 end
end